Small specks or clouds moving in your field of vision as you look at a blank wall or a clear blue sky are known as floaters.  Most people have some floaters normally but do not notice them until they become numerous or more prominent.

In most cases, floaters are part of the natural aging process.  Floaters look like cobwebs, squiggly lines or floating bugs, and appear to be in front of the eye, but are actually floating inside.  As we get older, the vitreous – the clear gel-like substance that fills the inside of the eye – tends to shrink slightly and detach from the retina, forming clumps within the eye.  What you see are the shadows these clumps cast on the retina, the light-sensitive nerve layer lining the back of the eye.

The appearance of flashing lights comes from the traction of the vitreous gel on the retina at the time of vitreous separation.  Flashes look like twinkles or lightning streaks.  You may have experienced the same sensation if you have ever been hit in the eye and seen stars.

Floaters can get in the way of clear vision, often when reading.  Try looking up and then down to move the floaters out of the way.  While some floaters may remain, many of them will fade over time.

Floaters and flashes are sometimes associated with retinal tears.  When the vitreous shrinks it can pull on the retina and cause a tear.  A torn retina is a serious problem.  It can lead to a retinal detachment and blindness.  If new floaters appear suddenly or you see sudden flashes of light, see an ophthalmologist immediately.